Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian Summary

January 17, 2013 Nicole Samuels The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian Chapter 1-3 Summary In chapter one, we are introduced to the narrator, Arnold Spirit, nicknamed Junior. He describes himself, as being of lanky build, with an overly large skull, feet and hands. He has a medical condition called Hydrocephalus, which is an excess of fluid in the skull causing swelling of the brain.Junior went through a very risky surgery at the age of 6 months, which would normally kill or permanently damage the brain of the patient, but luckily came out undamaged. Junior has frequent seizures, a lisp and stutter. He matured having 42 teeth and had to get 10 pulled all at once with minimal novocaine. He could only have cheap glasses with big black frames. He lives on the reservation and is the weakest and smallest of them all so is beat up frequently and belongs to â€Å"the Black-Eye-of-the-Month-Club†. He tells us about how he loves to draw, and that it is the only thing he is go od at.Chapter two is where Junior reveals that he is poor, saying that he is â€Å"just a poor-ass reservation kid living with his poor-ass family on the poor-ass Spokane Indian Reservation†. He also gives us the very important math equation of â€Å"Poverty = empty refrigerator + empty stomach†. He tells about how good a piece of KFC chicken tastes after not eating for a long time. He tells us about how he wishes he could blames his parents for their poverty but cant because he loves them too much and they were born into poverty as were their parents, and their parents, and so on and so forth.He talks about how his parents had dreams but didn’t do anything about it, and draws a picture of who his parents could have been if they had followed their dreams. He tells us about how being poor makes you feel, like you’re hopeless. Junior also delves into a painful memory and tells us about the time he heard his father shoot his dog Oscar, who was his best frien d, and could do nothing about it. In the third chapter we are introduced to Juniors best human friend, Rowdy. Rough, mean, rude, and willing to beat up anything and anyone, Rowdy watches out for Junior.Rowdy convinces Junior to go the Spokane tribe’s annual Labor Day celebration, the Powwow. While there Junior angers Rowdy and Rowdy shoves Junior and he runs away, straight into three 30 year old men who beat him up. Rowdy finds him on the ground and vows revenge, and gets it later that night when the men have passed out. He shaves off their eyebrows and cut off their braids, which are a big deal to native men. Junior tells us more about Rowdy, and in his calculations they have spent more than 48,000 hours in each others company.Chapter 9-11 Summary Junior worries that Roger will take revenge for Junior having punched him in the face, wishing Rowdy were still his friend. He asks his grandmother for advice and she tells him it means that roger respects him, but Junior believes she is just crazy. The next day Junior’s parents don’t have enough gas to drive him to school, so he starts the 22 mile trek to school. Along the way junior runs into Eugene, his father’s best friend. Eugene is an alcoholic of the happy sorts, and he gives Junior a ride to school on his motorcycle.When they arrive at school, all the white kids just stare at junior and Eugene, and Roger passes by Junior but doesn’t kick his butt, only says he’ll see him around, and looks impressed. Juniors pretty pumped over this and says Hi to the porcelain beauty Penelope only to be shot down by her, and thinks to himself that he may have impressed the king but the queen still doesn’t approve of him one little bit. In chapter ten Junior tells us the story of Dawn, a beautiful Indian girl with legendary braids who he fell in love with at the age of twelve.Junior had no shot with Dawn, but still confessed to Rowdy his love for her. Rowdy tells Junior that Daw n does not care about him. At all. But Junior still loves her. And so he cries over her, and tells us he is the opposite of a warrior because he is too emotional. He asks Rowdy to keep everything a secret, and Rowdy does. It is Halloween in chapter 11, and Junior goes to school in the simplest and cheapest costume he can think of, a homeless man, because he already has the wardrobe for it.Penelope goes a homeless woman, saying it is a political statement against the treatment of homeless people in the USA, and is going trick-or-treating for spare change to donate to the homeless. Junior says he is making a statement against the treatment of homeless Native Indians in the USA, and will also go trick-or-treating for spare change, and maybe they cold donate together. Miraculously Penelope agrees. Later that night, while trick-or-treating, Junior is jumped by three guys in Frankenstein masks who kick him, spit on him and take the money for charity.Junior wonders if one of the guys was R owdy. The next day Junior tells Penelope what happened, and she is horrified and tells him she will put his name on her donation anyway. Junior thinks that after this Penelope and he will get closer, but of course this doesn’t happen. You do not become popular overnight. Junior wishes he could go to Rowdy for advice to get Penelope to like him, but already knows Rowdy would say â€Å"The first thing you have to do is change the way you look, the way you talk, and the way you walk. And then she'll think you're her fricking Prince Charming†

Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 2

Everything was freezing confusion. Her head was under water and she was being tumbled over and over. She couldn't see, couldn't breathe, and she was completely disoriented. Then her head popped up. She automatically sucked in a huge gasp of air. Her arms were flailing but they seemed tangled in her backpack. The creek was wide here and the current was very strong. She was being swept downstream, and every other second her mouth seemed to be full of water. Reality was just one desperate, choking attempt to get enough air for the next breath. And everything was so cold. A cold that was pain, not just temperature. I'm going to die. Her mind realized this with a sort of numb certainty, but her body was stubborn. It fought almost as if it had a separate brain of its own. It struggled out of her backpack, so that the natural buoyancy of her ski jacket helped keep her head above water. It made her legs kick, trying to stand firm on the bottom. No good. The creek was only five feet deep in the center, but that was still an inch higher than Gillian's head. She was too small, too weak, and she couldn't get any kind of control over where she was going. And the cold was sapping her strength frighteningly fast. With every second her chances of surviving dropped. It was as if the creek were a monster that hated her and would never let her go. It slammed her into rocks and swept her on before her hands could get hold of the cold, smooth surfaces. And in a few minutes she was going to be too weak to keep her face above water. I have to grab something. Her body was telling her that. It was her only chance. There. Up ahead, on the left bank, a projecting spit with tree roots. She had to get to it. Kick. Kick. She hit and was almost spun past it. But somehow, she was holding on. The roots were thicker than her arms, a huge tangle like slick, icy snakes. Gillian thrust an arm through a natural loop of the roots, anchoring herself. Oh-yes; she could breathe now. But her body was still in the creek, being sucked away by the water. She had to get out-but that was impossible. She just barely had the strength to hold on; her weakened, numb muscles could never pull her up the bank. At that moment, she was filled with hatred- not for the creek, but for herself. Because she was little and weak and childish and it was going to kill her. She was going to die, and it was all happening right now, and it was real. She could never really remember what happened next. Her mind let go and there was nothing but anger and the burning need to get higher. Her legs kicked and scrambled and some dim part of her knew that each impact against the rocks and roots should have hurt. But all that mattered was the desperation that was somehow, inch by inch, getting her numb, waterlogged body out of the creek. And then she was out. She was lying on roots and snow. Her vision was dim; she was gasping, open-mouthed, for breath, but she was alive. Gillian lay there for a long time, not really aware of the cold, her entire body echoing with relief. I made it! I'll be okay now. It was only when she tried to get up that she realized how wrong she was. When she tried to stand, her legs almost folded under her. Her muscles felt like jelly. And †¦ it was cold. She was already exhausted and nearly frozen, and her soaking clothes felt as heavy as medieval armor. Her gloves were gone, lost in the creek. Her cap was gone. With every breath, she seemed to get colder, and suddenly she was racked with waves of violent shivers. Find the road †¦ I have to get to the road. But which way is it? She'd landed somewhere downstream-but where? How far away was the road now? Doesn't matter†¦ just walk away from the creek, Gillian thought slowly. It was difficult to think at all. She felt stiff and clumsy and the shivering made it hard to climb over fallen trees and branches. Her red, swollen fingers couldn't close to get handholds. I'm so cold-why can't I stop shivering? Dimly, she knew that she was in serious trouble. If she didn't get to the road-soon-she wasn't going to survive. But it was more and more difficult to call up a sense of alarm. A strange sort of apathy was coming over her. The gnarled forest seemed like something from a fairy tale. Stumbling†¦ staggering. She had no idea where she was going. Just straight ahead. That was all she could see anyway, the next dark rock protruding from the snow, the next fallen branch to get over or around. And then suddenly she was on her face. She'd fallen. It seemed to take immense effort to get up again. It's these clothes†¦ they're too heavy. I should take them off. Again, dimly, she knew that this was wrong. Her brain was being affected; she was dazed with hypothermia. But the part of her that knew this was far away, separate from her. She fought to make her numbed ringers unzip her ski jacket. Okay†¦ it's off. I can walk better now†¦ She couldn't walk better. She kept falling. She had been doing this forever, stumbling, falling, getting up. And every time it was a little harder. Her cords felt like slabs of ice on her legs. She looked at them with distant annoyance and saw that they were covered with adhering snow. Okay-maybe take those off, too? She couldn't remember how to work a zipper. She couldn't think at all anymore. The violent waves of shivering were interspersed with pauses now, and the pauses were getting longer. I guess †¦ that's good. I must not be so cold—– I just need a little rest. While the faraway part of her brain screamed uselessly in protest, Gillian sat down in the snow. She was in a small clearing. It seemed deserted-not even the footprints of a ground mouse marked the smooth white carpet around her. Above, overhanging branches formed a snowy canopy. It was a very peaceful place to die. Gillian's shivering had stopped. Which meant it was all over now. Her body couldn't warm itself by shivering any longer, and was giving up the fight. Instead, it was trying to move into hibernation. Shutting itself down, reducing breathing and heart rate, conserving the little warmth that was left. Trying to survive until help could come. Except that no help was coming. No one knew where she was. It would be hours before her dad got home or her mother was†¦ awake. And even then they wouldn't be alarmed that Gillian wasn't there. They'd assume she was with Amy. By the time anyone thought of looking for her it would be far too late. The faraway part of Gillian's mind knew all this, but it didn't matter. She had reached her physical limits-she couldn't save herself now even if she could have thought of a plan. Her hands weren't red anymore. They were blue-white. Her muscles were becoming rigid. At least she no longer felt cold. There was only a vast sense of relief at not having to move. She was so tired†¦ Her body had begun the process of dying. White mist filled her mind. She had no sense of time passing. Her metabolism was slowing to a stop. She was becoming a creature of ice, no different from any stump or rock in the frozen wilderness. I'm in trouble†¦ somebody†¦ somebody please†¦ Mom †¦ Her last thought was, it's just like going to sleep. And then, all at once, there was no rigidity, no discomfort. She felt light and calm and free-and she was floating up near the canopy of snowy boughs. How wonderful to be warm again! Really warm, as if she were filled with sunshine. Gillian laughed in pleasure. But where am I? Didn't something just happen-something bad? On the ground below her there was a huddled figure. Gillian looked at it curiously. A small girl. Almost hidden by her long pale hair, the strands already covered in fine ice. The girl's face was delicate. Pretty bone structure. But the skin was a terrible flat white-dead looking. The eyes were shut, the lashes frosty. Underneath, Gillian knew somehow, the eyes were deep violet. I get it. I remember. That's me. The realization didn't bother her. Gillian felt no connection to the huddled thing in the snow. She didn't belong to it anymore. With a mental shrug, she turned away- -and she was in a tunnel. A huge dark place, with the feeling of being vastly complicated somehow. As if space here were folded or twisted-and maybe time, too. She was rushing through it, flying. Points of light were whizzing by-who could tell how far away in the darkness? Oh, God, Gillian thought. It's the tunnel. This is happening. Right now. To me. I'm really dead. And going at warp speed. Weirder than being dead was being dead with a sense of humor. Contradictions†¦ this felt so real, more real than anything that had ever happened while she was alive. But at the same time, she had a strange sense of unreality. The edges of her self were blurred, as if somehow she were a part of the tunnel and the lights and the motion. She didn't have a distinct body anymore. Could this all be happening in my head? With that, for the first time, she felt frightened. Things in her head†¦ could be scary. What if she ran into her nightmares, the very things that her subconscious knew terrified her most? That was when she realized she had no control over where she was going. And the tunnel had changed. There was a bright light up ahead. It wasn't blue-white, as she would have expected from movies. It was pale gold, blurred as if she were seeing it through frosty glass, but still unbelievably brilliant. Isn't it supposed to feel like love or something? What it felt like-what it made her feel-was awe. The light was so big, so powerful†¦ and so Just Plain Bright. It was like looking at the beginning of the universe. And she was rushing toward it so fast-it was filling her vision. She was in it. The light encompassed her, surrounded her. Seemed to shine through her. She was flying upward through radiance like a swimmer surfacing. Then the feeling of motion faded. The light was getting less bright-or maybe her eyes were adapting to it. Shapes solidified around her. She was in a meadow. The grass was amazing- not just green, but a sort of impossible ultra green. As if lit up from inside. The sky was the same kind of impossible blue. She was wearing a thin summer dress that billowed around her. The false color made it seem like a dream. Not to mention the white columns rising at intervals from the grass, supporting nothing. So this is what happens when you die. And now†¦ now, somebody should come meet me. Grandpa Trevor? I'd like to see him walking again. But no one came. The landscape was beautiful, peaceful, unearthly-and utterly deserted. Gillian felt anxiety twisting again inside her. Wait, what if this place wasn't-the good place? After all, she hadn't been particularly good in her life. What if this were actually hell? Or †¦ limbo? Like the place all those spirits who talked to mediums must be from. Creatures from heaven wouldn't say such silly things. What if she were left here, alone, forever? As soon as she finished the thought, she wished she hadn't. This seemed to be the kind of place where thoughts-or fears-could influence reality. Wasn't that something rancid she smelled? And-weren't those voices? Fragments of sentences that seemed to come from the air around her? The kind of nonsense said by people in dreams. â€Å"So white you can't see†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"A time and a half†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"If only I could, girl†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Gillian turned around and around, trying to catch more. Trying to figure out whether or not she was really hearing the words. She had the sudden gut-trembling feeling that the beauty around her could easily come apart at the seams. Oh, God, let me think good thoughts. Please. I wish I hadn't watched so many horror movies. I don't want to see anything terrible-like the ground splitting and hands reaching for me. And I don't want anyone to meet me-looking like something rotting with bones exposed-after all. She was in trouble. Even thinking about not thinking brought up pictures. And now fear was galloping inside her, and in her mind the bright meadow was turning into a nightmare of darkness and stink and pressure and gibbering mindless things. She was terrified that at any moment she might see a change- And then she did see one. Something unmistakable. A few feet away from her, above the grass, was a sort of mist of light. It hadn't been there a moment ago. But now it seemed to get brighter as she watched, and to stretch from very far away. And there was a shape in it, coming toward her.

My Role Model My Mom Essay

This is a better version of My role model my mom Role models are like a torch of light that inspires and guides in the darkness. That torch of light for me is my mother. My mother is very kind, strong, and hardworking. But what makes her truly worthy of looking up to is that she teaches her children these qualities through her actions. For as long as I can remember,my mother has always been kind and gracious to everyone she meets. She taught my siblings and I to treat everyone we meet with respect and to act with humility. She is extremely supportive of us, whether we pass or fail in our endeavors. She also works to connect and understand each of her children in order to help us grow and reach beyond our capacities while reminding us to laugh at ourselves and never take life too seriously. She takes on all of the family’s troubles and hides them from her children so that we would not be worried. Read more: Role model essay She does not want us to stress over bills and other problems from her workplace because she wants us to concentrate on our studies and enjoy our youth. Even when she is overwhelmed with anxiety, she bravely bares a smile on her face so that we can emulate her. Her hard work throughout the years to support us, putting up with the fights me and annoying sister would have. Her days would be routine she would wake up at 5:30am everday and pray for her family.She would cook breakfeast for my dad and leave at 6 am . after all day of working she would come home, take shower and cooks dinner and go to sleep.So we dont spent alot of time together and if we do it will be for like 1 or 2 hour.Although there are sometime i couldn’t stand her at times due to a few reasons.How she would always find the littlest things to complain to me about such as not doing my chorous and yelling me to do home-work even if I tell her i dont have any. Now that I’m old enough to realize how much my mother has done for her sons and daughter. she’s someone i truly look up to.There are many great people out there and i could of chose many important people but I chose my mom because I want to follow her footsteps, If i do that I know, I will find the true path that leads to happiness, and find a way to take a dream and turn it into reality.

Business Report of Studentbeans Website Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Report of Studentbeans Website - Essay Example The three sections of website are: Easy money, Student 101 and World Weird Web. The goal is make students life in college as impressive and easy as possible. Unlike other students card saver schemes, this website is easy to use and does not cost one any money, registration is free. One is allowed to add or comment on areas that need improvement (Studentbeans Website). Background of the Study University life is such hard times for some students especially those from humble and unsupportive backgrounds. The challenges vary from financial, academic to social. Lack of adequate food and money for survival is a common phenomenon. Boring lectures, complicated assignments and marks awarding that depends on the student-lecturer relationship, uncooperative roommates and misleading friends is yet another problem. Another one is the search for ideal partners, relationship related problems and so on. Suicide, drinking, seeking spiritual support and attempt to live beyond means are some of the sol utions to their problems. Hence, students always need advice on budgetary control and interactive forums to learn from each other and be able to cope with life. Studentbeans website is such a brilliant idea. The Easy Money section of the website is concerned with saving money when required. Articles in this section cover topics such as hints, tricks and advice about saving cash, making money and working on a budget. The students 101 stories are concerned with campus life and anything that is appealing in the university life. Stories can either be funny or serious but must be appealing and educating. The world weird web contains fascinating, amusing and bizarre stories that make people go crazy. They are rated on the basis of credibility and freshness. The subdivision of sections is such a revolution because other sites do not categorise their sites according to sections (Studentbeans Website). In the modern business world, companies are charged with the task of making decisions abou t strategic uncertainty of what other companies might wish to do. These decisions vary from future market sizes, costs, and economic situations to bureaucracy. This means that companies are playing games with others, a game that involves a player and a chance. In this game, companies must take into account the role of information and awareness and what other companies can do or not. Studentbeans serves to provide students with money saving advice, games, discounts, content and articles related to life. In so doing, they have attracted hundreds of subscribers across the universities in the United Kingdom. Having analyzed other services provided to students such as students’ card saver schemes, the assumption is that the site is cheap (Hofer 1975, p84). Case Study Analysis Within any industry or market, some companies or organisations will surely outperform others. Like resources, capabilities are a valuable in a company in helping create a strong demand for its products and se rvices and lowering its costs. Similarly, the strategies that a company adopts can help it acquire new resources and capabilities or enhance the already existing resources and capabilities. Competitive advantage is the strategic advantage of a particular business venture over other businesses of the same (Hill & Jones, 2012 p13). Competitive Advantage Theory The theory was stipulated by Michael Porter in 1985.

The Lost German Slave Girl by John Bailey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Lost German Slave Girl by John Bailey - Essay Example German families in the New Orleans area claimed that Sally was in fact the child of immigrants who had died and that the girl was subsequently indentured by an unscrupulous owner and later sold into slavery. The main question raised by the piece is whether Sally really was a German girl or whether she was just a clever slave who was grabbing at her once chance for freedom. The fact that the color of a person's skin was the basis of whether they could be enslaved or not shows the racism that was at the heart of this culture. It is fascinating that the case revolved around the fact of whether Sally was German, and thus not deserving of slavery rather than the fact that slavery was morally objectionable per se. The idea that color and slavery were indelibly linked was starting to be threatened by the inter-breeding that had been occurring between slaves and whites for generations. By this time, just a decade before the American Civil War would end slavery, many slaves looked as white as their masters. Thus the very basis of slavery - the supposed inferiority of black races - was called into question by the continuum of color that then existed in America. The lack of certainty as to race was reflected within the legal system, in which slaves were regarded as property and yet, paradoxically, could also have legal representation within trials. Thus if a slave was accused of murder he/she had the right to legal representation, although as the author shows, the degree to which this right was enforced depended very much upon individual circumstances and the judge who was available. Bailey essentially shows a society that is ripe for change. The mysterious origin of Sally Miller reflected the complexity of race that was characteristic of America by the mid nineteenth-century. The simple duality of "slave" and "master" was increasingly being challenged on an ethical and legal basis. Slaves could buy their freedom and many tried to make their way to Northern states where slavery was already abolished. The idea that the identity of a person was set as "slave" or "non-slave" is shown to be too simplistic by the case of Sally Miller. If Miller was indeed of German origin, then a person could move from non-slave to slave because of bad luck and unethical businessmen. If a slave was lucky, earned enough money or had an enlightened master, he could become a non-slave. To conclude, the fact that the case was never resolved in a concrete manner shows the history is often not as certain as many people would like. The actual origin of Sally Miller will probably never be known now, any more than it was proved in the court case. What emerges is the terrible manner in which immigrants were treated in America at this time, even those from supposedly privileged countries such as Germany. The book also shows the complex legal environment of America at the time, and gives a view of the legal position of slaves that has seldom been considered before. Ultimately the book shows the mystery of human nature and identity, especially racial identity. If a slave is more white than her master, what is the basis for the slavery if it is based upon the supposed superiority of whites over blacks The answer was that slavery was based upon cruelty and exploitation rather than any rationally identified differences between races.

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Project Management - Essay Example Carly's ability to become an effective group leader is definitely in question since according to the other team members she is the real reason for the conflict and not Morris as she claimed. I feel she was using Morris as an excuse to divert responsibility for not completing project tasks in a timely manner. As an individual Carly must work on improving her management and communications skills as well as improve her emotional intelligence since this situation was completely avoidable. I think her mistakes and dysfunctional emotional conflict with Morris might have been the main contributing factor for the project delays and lack of group cohesiveness. 2) I think Carly was being blinded by her own emotions and insecurities. From what the other team members mentioned they felt that she was treating Morris unfairly as compared to other team members. Since the other team members felt Morris was not causing any problems there was no real reason or excuse for her to confront. The reality w as that Carly was the root of the conflict and not vice versa (Umsl). I think that Carly would benefit from having a one to one conversation with Morris in order to vent out her concerns and fears. As an individual Carly needs to figure out ways to better communicate her emotions without falling into destructive patterns or behaviors that only create unnecessary conflicts and misunderstandings. Morris would probably be shocked, but not necessarily surprised by some the fabrications or negative ideas that Carly probably harbors about him. He would probably be more open to keeping the lines of communication open between team members in order to resolve underlying conflicts that will continue to affect team performance if the underlying causes for the conflict are not addressed. 3) Overall there is a definite lack of group cohesiveness between all team members not just Carly and Morris. The lack of open lines of communication between team members is an overall symptom of the underlying tensions and climate of mistrust that Carly as a team project leader has created. Since the team members were aware of Carly's unfair treatment towards one of the team members, their responsibility as a group was to address the problem directly and not let an individual team member's actions negatively affect the overall group performance. As a functional team all members are responsible for team performance, they as a functional group should have discussed ways to address the issue and resolve the underlying dysfunctional conflicts for the benefit of the whole. I think that the group would benefit from participating in a one day conflict management and effective communication seminar in order to empower, educate, and provide all team members with the knowledge and a set of tools to better deal with all types of functional and dysfunctional conflicts that are commonly encountered in group settings. During the seminar the expert speaker and psychologist could have a short 15 minute individual session with all team

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example The contribution of the organisations towards corporate social responsibilities includes certain monetary assistance to the society which would facilitate various social developments. Furthermore, the concept of corporate social responsibility can be related to the activities of an organisation which would facilitate in conserving the natural flora and fauna and as well as the socio economic culture (Reset, n.d.). There is no perfect definition for corporate social responsibilities, in simple terms; it can be referred to consideration of the ethical values while performing the business activities by the organisations. Corporate social responsibility also includes transparent or clear business activities e.g. the organisations should consider the legal requirements in their operations. Earlier, it was considered that the chief objective of a business organisation is to make profit, although, the scenario has changed a lot during the past decades and the organisations in the present day context are also expected to provide equal importance to the corporate social responsibility as well. During the recent years, it has been noticed that the organisations are increasingly being pressurised by the various stakeholders involved in the business to take measurable steps towards the corporate social responsibilities (Baird & et. al., 2002). ... The concept of corporate social responsibility can be considered to have significant importance in the global business scenario. It has been found through various researches that the growing importance of CSR has been significantly affecting the relationship between the organisations and the various stakeholders (Economist Intelligence Unit, 2005). Corporate social responsibility is quite important for the organisations to sustain in the long run. It has been recognised that the organisations which are only concerned about the profit margins and ignore the stakeholders’ interest about CSR are likely to show lack of sustainability in the long run (Waldman & et. al., 2012). It is because of this reason that corporate social responsibility facilitates in gaining the trust of the stakeholders because CSR provides transparency to the business activities. Moreover, CSR is also quite important for the development of the society for the reason that business organisations form the back ground of the economy and a proportionate investment by them in the social activities would result in social development. In addition, CSR facilitates in maintaining a good business-to-business relationship which is also quite important for the business organisations to sustain in the long run. During the recent years, the perception of corporate social responsibility has developed into a major strategy for the business organisations to endure the aggressively emanating competitive market environment. The present market scenario can be characterised by increasing competition and unpredictable consumer behaviour, so implementing the concept of CSR has

Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Internet - Essay Example As said by Berners-Lee, World Wide Web should be accepted widely by the world, leaving a community behind is not justified. The focus here is on the community, which face problems in accessing the web because of some form of disability. Disabilities may be many for e.g. blindness, poor sight (partial blindness), colour blindness, deaf users, epileptic users, users unfamiliar to technology, non-English users, learning disabled people, aged people (senior citizens) etc. As per U.S. Census Bureau it is estimated that around 50 million people in United States have some form of physical or mental disability. To make the Internet really universal and explore its power of universality there has been a lot development in the field of making Internet more accessible by disabled people. The paper elaborates such developments in the field. Web 2.0 has led to the development and growth of web-based communities like social networking sites. There has also been considerable amount of development for making these sites accessible and easy for disabled people. Blind users who do not have the sight may utilize the screen reader. The screen reader reads the content of the page and reads aloud the selective part of page, which is important for information and page navigation (Webcredible, 2008). For users with partial or poor sight, the facility to enlarge the text is there. The text of the web site can be varied in the size but the text embedded in the images cannot be resized and so an alternative to images is kept which can render plain text against the images. The figures show that 1 in 12 men and 1 in 200 woman have some form of colour blindness (Webcredible, 2008). As a solution to this, the sites are trying to provide more flexibility in changing the text colour, size and type. A point under consideration is majority of the sites uses CAPTCHA images to register new users. This creates an inequality for

Wireless network implementation (Enterprise Network Design (Aston)) Case Study

Wireless network implementation (Enterprise Network Design (Aston)) - Case Study Example There will be a mesh topology setup in the core and distribution layers. Along with the redundant paths there will be redundant hardware in those layers. This will allow for more throughput and fault tolerance. QoS will also be implemented in all layers of the network to improve performance. The current reliability problems are half hardware failure and half over utilization of circuits. With the addition of QoS and redundancy, we can assure that mission critical applications will never fail. Aston is a leading firm in the private sector legal support business. These accounts are served worldwide by their franchise network. As you can tell, Aston is on a mission to keep trucks rolling by creating and delivering the best products and services for customers. The current network design analysis showed us that there are strong areas of the network and many weak areas. The current networks strongest point is in the campus backbone. Currently there is a full mesh between all routers. Because of this setup the backbone is the strongest part of the network. However, the backbone is currently running on 100 Mbps copper which is causing bottlenecks during peak usage. The existing network has far more weak areas then strong ones. We found one of the weakest areas of the network to be in the server farm. ... Also, all connections were made with copper to the campus backbone which limits the speed. Another area of concern is with the building distribution layer. This layer also has no layer 3 capabilities and has no redundant paths. There are multiple switches in the building distribution but in the event of a failure the core will have to reroute all traffic due to lack of appropriate redundancy. Another area that lacks redundancy is the edge distribution module. Currently if the edge distribution router were to fail, all internet and internal communications with other branches would be lost. Along with lack of redundancy, there were many security concerns. Currently there is only one firewall and it is placed between the internet service provider and the edge distribution router. This is a good start to securing the network but there is a lack of intrusion detection which is a concern. Also, the current e-commerce connection is in front of the firewall which provides absolutely no protection to the e-commerce server from the outside world. Finally, the other area of concern is the lack of outside accessibility. Currently there is only one remote access server which accepts incoming modem connections. The current system is not capable of support the very large mobile work force of Aston and it does not support current technology. In order for a remote worker to gain access to the network they have to have a dial up modem and a telephone line. Once the connection is made the speed is slow and the functionality is limited. Along with the lack of speed and functionality, the network is limited on its ability to upgrade to VPN technology. Currently there is only one internet service provider that only provides 3 Mbps which is barely enough

The Effect of Poverty on Children Living in West Africa and Britain Essay

The Effect of Poverty on Children Living in West Africa and Britain - Essay Example Increasingly, poverty is understood and measured in relative terms; it is not having access to those resources that one sees is taken for granted in one’s own society by others. Growing up in poverty affects every aspect of a child’s life; diet and health suffer, housing is often sub-standard, accident-proneness is high, and illnesses are long-standing. It is also been shown through research that children born to poor parents are likely to have reduced weight and height at birth, are less likely to excel academically and have poorer attendance records in school. Adults who grew up in poverty are more prone to ill-health, unemployment, homelessness, arrests for criminal offences, drug and alcohol abuse and abusive relationships. It is often the case that children in poverty stay in poverty well into their adult life as well and remain in the same quarter of income distribution as their parents. Some of the main reasons why children fail to break this cycle of poverty are missing periods of school, being in care, being known to police, misuse of drugs, teenage parenthood and being out of education either having to work or otherwise. What is Poverty? The widely accepted definition of poverty is having an income which is less than 60% of the national average (excluding the wealthiest members of society). The ‘poverty line’ is defined in terms of 69 percent of the median household income, adjusted for household composition. Peter Townsend defines poverty emphasising its relative nature: Individuals, families and groups in the population can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate in the activities and have the living conditions and amenities which are customary.

Reflective Report include 2 tasks Q Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Reflective Report include 2 tasks Q - Essay Example Schools, colleges as well as universities are required to prove that their courses meet strict standards on a continuous basis and thus, UK’s education system is respected and recognized globally. I therefore expect that the qualification I obtain from Greenwich University will provide a solid foundation for building my future and promoting my career ambitions. I expect to develop my potential given that the university offers a challenging, creative and vibrant environment for this. I have acquired the necessary skills for me to survive in this increasingly globalized economy of the world. From the knowledge I have acquired so far, I am now capable of thinking independently, creatively and effectively. The assessment and teaching criterion used at Greenwich encourages independence and mastery of the subject in question. Given that the UK is a cosmopolitan place to reside in, having hundreds of cultures from all over the world has taught me how to get along and associate with d ifferent types of people. This has made me an open minded individual as I have learnt to deal with people from various cultural, political and religious backgrounds. This has in turn added to my experience and influenced my view of the global economy. The English language will play a vital role for my career. There is no place better than the UK - the origin of English - where I can learn this popular international language used widely in global business. Studying English in the UK has made me perfect in how well I can communicate both orally and in written form. Some of the steps I took to improve my knowledge in the language by reading books and interacting with my fellow students in discussions and clubs. I also learnt English by using the phonemic script which made it easier to understand words. By learning the phonemic script, I was able to improve my pronunciation and hence improved my communication. I have managed to improve my reading skills in a number of ways. Compared to when I was in my home country, I can now study more effectively by use of study skills taught at the university. I can now synthesis what I am studying better than I used to. I have discovered that I learn best as I write. This helps me memorize what I am studying. This discovery has had a positive effect on my grades. In order to adapt to studying at the UK, I had to improve my communication skills. I also had to better my understanding of English. I did this by frequently practicing how to talk in English in order to improve my eloquence. I also tried to expose myself to listening English speakers so that I could improve comprehension of lectures. I therefore watched lots of TV and attended theatres to watch plays done in English. These practices were very successful in helping me adapt to studying in the UK. I am confident that my learning experience here will be very useful in my career at home. Given that English is a global language and I have acquired quite a lot of skills on it, I will be able to communicate well in my professional capacity back at home. Since qualifications offered by UK institutions are recognized internationally due to their exceptional quality, I believe my knowledge will be valued back in my home country. It will also be easy for me to work in a multicultural environment since I have experience of living and studying at UK. Studying at Greenwich University has been a quite pleasure. I believe that the knowledge

Using comics to increase writing achievement Essay Example for Free

Using comics to increase writing achievement Essay Abstract This paper will focus on a Classroom Action Research Project performed at an elementary school with a group of seven 5th grade English as a Second Language students. The project involved using cartoon comic strips to both motivate ESL students to write and also to see if a non-traditional approach to teaching writing will increase the student’s writing achievement. Popular newspaper comic strips were used to motivate students and they were required to read it and then answer a set of open-ended questions. Statement of Intent Many students have the ability to be successful writers. The ESL students struggle to write, but when they get motivated they seem to write better. Many ESL students are unmotivated about writing because of language, lack of background knowledge, or the topic is not authentic or interesting. The more the students write the better they will become at it. If ESL students can get motivated to write, they will write more and thus become better writers. Popular newspaper comic strips were used to motivate the 5th grade ESL students to write. Students read popular newspaper comic strips and then answered open-ended questions. Here are the questions that will be answered at the end of this Classroom Action Research Project: 1)Can ESL students get motivated to write? 2)Will a non-traditional approach to writing motivate 5th grade students to write? 3)Could the use of comic strips in writing help increase writing achievement in 5th grade ESL students? Rationale for Research Research into the process of writing has shown it to be a very complicated problem solving process requiring the writer to constantly monitor their progress towards a specific goal. Students that become good writers experience intrinsic as well as extrinsic rewards, but face problems with motivation along the way. Writing requires the individual to pay attention to motivational conditions. The following is a list of the four clusters of conditions that are keys to developing writing motivation: 1)Nurturing functional beliefs about writing. 2)Fostering engagement using authentic writing tasks. 3)Providing a supportive context for writing. 4)Creating a positive emotional environment. The teacher’s views, beliefs, conceptions, and misconceptions are very important in determining the right conditions in most writing contexts. Research is needed to better understand the process of motivation as it relates to writing. Children start writing at an early age by scribbling. The writing process continues from there and proceeds at different paces depending on the child. As writing develops children start forming letters, words and soon sentences. â€Å"They begin to shift away from list-like writing and localized control (e.g., linking to vocabulary used in  the previous sentence, repeating familiar syntactic frames) toward a more goal-directed, strategic approach ( Berninger, Fuller, Whitaker, 1996). Their writing has more topical and the- matic coherence (e.g., Flower et al., 1990), as purpose, planning, and revising play an increasing role. A growing metacognitive capability gives them the potential to shift from a knowledge-telling to a knowledge-transforming approach ( Bereiter Scardamalia, 1987) and to use information about audience, genre, and rhetorical stance to accomplish a variety of writing purposes ( Berninger et al., 1996). â€Å" Highly motivated capable writers that can adapt their writing to changes in audience and topic can only achieve the developmental writing process described above. They can use writing as a means of communication with others. They write the same way they would talk with another people, stress free and with control. In a 1997 National Center for Education Statistics writing assessment shows that 80% of eleventh grade students can write clear and focused responses and less that one third can write clearly enough to show sufficient information to support their claims. 2 % of students can write proficiently enough to show effective responses that have enough information to support details and discussion. Teachers are failing to develop positive beliefs and motivation about writing. Comic strips can be used to motivate and inspire students. For one thing, comics can take away the number one worry that students have about writing today: finding something to write about. Most of the times when you leave it up to the students to write about something, they never know what to write. Every teacher has heard the same thing. â€Å"I don’t know what to write about.† Introducing and discussing comic strips is a great way to motivate and stimulate students about writing. Many students already know the characters from comic strips and this makes the experience less stressful and fun. It also provides the students with kid friendly language and the relationship between the pictures and text makes it perfect for  lower level readers. All these facts put together makes it possible for comic strips to provide the level of motivation and interest that will help students stay focused a bout writing and this will in the long run improve their writing skills. Methodology The study was completed with a group of seven 5th grade ESL students for a period of three months one half hour a week. Starting in the beginning of September and ending at the end of November. This group of ESL students is composed of fluent English speakers that are limited English readers and writers. At the beginning of the study, the students read a short story about ants and then answered an open-ended question. The students were then told to draw a happy, straight,   or sad face depending on their level of frustration and/or stress. This was used as the pretest. At the beginning of the study students were introduced and exposed to newspaper comic strips. They read, discussed, and drew them. Students were exposed to a variety of lessons on the writing process and were required to do one comic strip writing prompt a week. Included in every writing prompt is smiling, straight, or sad face that is drawn by the student in the upper right hand corner of the paper to show their motivation level. A record of the student’s motivational level was kept to measure fluctuation patterns according to the cartoon character used that week. Research Analysis At the beginning of the study the students were told that they would be taking part in a study that would require them to write. Many of them immediately showed signs of stress and much complaining followed. We met once a week for half an hour and they were introduced to a comic strip and  discussions followed. The students then had two days to complete the prompt on their own, including a drawing of a face on the upper right hand corner to show how they felt about it before it was collected. The prompts that were used are from the Comic-Strip Writing Prompts book by Karen Kellaher (2001). During the initial pretest three students drew smiling faces, three drew straight faces and one drew a sad face. Although it seems that the percentage of students that felt good versus the percentage of students that had no emotion at all is the same their reactions during the writing would tell a different story. The students all seemed stressed and bothered with the writing. Most of the students answered the question during the pretest, but all are lacking creativity and emotion to their writing. All the answers came straight from the story. No opinions, personal connections, or point of views were part of anybody’s writing. There were only five students remaining in the group during the last week of the study. One moved and the other one tested out of the ESL program and was no longer available to meet. In the final writing prompt all students drew happy faces. They did seem to be more excited about the writing than in the beginning. This may be due to the social rewards as well as the stress free environment due to the fact that no grades went along with their writing assignments. The following chart shows the before and after motivation and writing results for each student in the group: Motivation BeforeMotivation AfterWriting BeforeWriting After Dayannara V. Below BasicBelow basic Jose V. Below BasicBelow Basic Jeffrey R. ProficientProficient Maria C. BasicBelow Basic Jacqueline A. ProficientBelow Basic * The Chart above shows the beginning and end results of the study. Comprehensive Conclusions and Reflections The study increased the overall motivation of the group, but it did not increase writing achievement and in-fact lowered the writing achievement of two students. The contributing factors associated with the lack of success of this study are as follows: 1)Time frame The group met for half an hour once a week. This was not enough time to effectively influence the writing achievement of these students. Using Comics to Increase 10 2)Reading level – The reading level of these students was not significantly high enough for them to be able to read the comic strip and understand it. Even if they could have understood the comic strip, the prompt questions were too hard to for them to understand. 3)Background knowledge – A student who is asked to write about ice hockey or fishing that has experience it first hand or has been exposed to it will definitely be able to write about it better. Many of the urban kids are asked to write about things that they know absolutely nothing about.  A good example is the time the Reading School District had a district wide writing assessment about snow. The students had to write about a snowy day. Many ESL students had never seen snow. 4)Can’t get the joke – This one is the most important when it comes to comic strips. Most of the students could eventually read what the comic said, but they could not understand the jokes. A good example of this was the comic strip where Garfield says â€Å"Cats have just surpassed dogs as the country’s favorite pets!† Odie the Dog comes hopping by and then Garfield says â€Å"Somehow the victory would have been more satisfying had the competition been stiffer.† The students had no idea what this meant and could not understand it without some explanation. 5) Vocabulary – The students don’t have a sufficient vocabulary to understand comic strips. Although comic strips are written at a lower reading level, some of the vocabulary words that are used are hard for ESL students to understand and some extensive explanations had to be done before they could start writing. Example: â€Å"Had the competition been stiffer.† In closing, the ESL students need a lot of help. They of course need to write as much as possible, but if we work on increasing their reading level and expose them to as many cultural experiences as possible then we can really begin on making them great writers. If the study was to be done again it is suggested that the group meet daily and that there be vocabulary development lessons done to supplement the comic strip writing activities. References Yale University. Retrieved December 11, 2006, from www.yale.edu Web site: http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1980/80.04.02.x.xhtml Tom Janz, T (2006). Newspapers in Education Middle School Writing. Litsite Alaska, Retrieved December 11. 2006, from http://litsite.alaska.edu/workbooks/midnewswrite.html North Carolina State Board of Education, (2006). Making the Grade: Writing Through The Grades. ncpublicschools.org, Retrieved 2006, from http://www.ncpublicschools.org/student_promotion/mtg/fall01.html Brunin, R (2000). Developing Motivation to Write . The Questia online library, 35, Retrieved December 11, 2006, from http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=ose=gglscd=94798356 Kellaher, K (2001). Comic-Strip Writing-Prompts. New York, N.Y.: Scholastic. Parsons, J (1993). Using Comic Books To Teach.. ERIC, Retrieved December 11, 2006, fromhttp://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true_pageLabel=RecordDe tailsERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED363892ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=eric_accnoobjectId=0900000b8012cb2a Cohn , N (June 2006). Comixpedia. Retrieved December 11, 2006, from www.comixpedia.com Web site: http://www.comixpedia.com/comic_theory_101_seeing_rhymes

Micro And Macro Environmental Factors Marketing Essay

Micro And Macro Environmental Factors Marketing Essay Marketing has often been defined in terms of satisfying customers needs and wants. Critics however maintain that marketing goes beyond that and creates needs and wants that did not exist before, According to these critics, marketers encourage consumers to spend more money than they should on goods and services they really do not need. Aim To prepare a report for the Management of Aldi supermarket on its marketing policy and to propose a new position for its fresh fruits and vegetables. In relation to the above scenario. Terms of reference. To prepare this report the author r has considered the various marketing process, evaluated the benefits and cost of marketing orientation, evaluated the macro and micro factors that influence marketing decision masking he author has also considered different market segmentation for different products of .Aldi. The author considered market targeting strategy for the organisation fresh fruits and vegetables . and evaluated buying behaviour of people for the range these products. The author has and recommended a new market position for this product. Introduction The first foundation stone was laid in 1913 with the opening of a small food store in the German town of Essen. During the 40s, an expansion program was created and more ALDI stores were opened. In 1954, a celebration was held for the opening of the 50th store in Germany. By 1960 ALDI had grown to a network of over 300 stores between the Ruhr Valley and Aachen. The prosperous family business was then divided into two independent companies: ALDI SÃ ¼d to service the South, and ALDI Nord for the North. Self-service was still a relatively new retail structure in the 60s and ALDI became the first company in Germany to adopt this new retail concept. While customers were still able to take advantage of the same high quality products as before, they could now purchase them at much more competitive prices. In 1983, ALDI SÃ ¼d started chilled distribution depots and sold fresh products such as cheese, yoghurt and sausages. Frozen products came in 1998 and were closely followed by fresh meat. ALDI, to this day, continues to keep up with the ever-evolving taste of the modern consumer. Today, Aldi 7,000 stores and serves millions of people across three continents. (Aldi.com.au) 4. Marketing process MARKETING PROCESS The marketing process is the process of analyzing market opportunities, selecting target markets, developing the marketing mix, and managing the marketing effort. Target customers stand at the center of the marketing process. There are following steps in Marketing Process: A. Analyzing marketing opportunities B. Selecting target markets C. Developing the marketing Mix D. Managing the marketing effort A . Analysing marketing opportunities This involves carrying out market research to find out the opportunities, the threat and the organisation strength and weakness. Hence the need for a reliable market research approach. With market research the organisation will find out about market constrains, it will find out it competitors about demand for the product it will also be able to profile the age group, of likely consumers of the firms product.the company finds about legislation and other environmental factors that re likely to affect the profitability of the company. With useful information rom the market research the organisation will know customers requirement and able to plan for it. B. Selecting the target Market Todays market is very competitive and to be a viable organisation the organisation as to be customer focused. It is import to analyse and profile consumer. Each company has to segment the market and concentrate on the market where it believe it has the edge over others (Target Market). C. Market segmentation This is dividing the market into separate groups by consumers and their needs traits, behaviour. Target marketing is the evaluation of each market segment and selecting one or more segment where the company can generate more customer value and sustain it over a period of time. D. Market positioning The company need to identify how its products be placed in a distinctive and desirable position to other competing products in the. To define a market position the organisation has to identify possible competitive advantage. The company will need to develop a marketing strategy that will support the market positioning of the product. This will provide consumer with more than those offered by competitors. c. Developing the Marketing Mix Having develop its market positioning and competitive strategy the it will have to decide what its marketing mix will consist of The marketing mix is the set of controllable marketing variables that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. The marketing mix consists of everything that the firm can do to influence the demand for its product. These variables are often referred to as the four Ps. . Product, Place, Promotion and price. d. Managing the Marketing Effort To manage the marketing the firm will need to carry out four marketing functions of analysing, planning, implementation, and control Marketing orientation Marketing Orientation is defined as as a corporate state of mind that insists on the integration and coordination of all the marketing functions which, in turn, are melded with all other corporate functions, for the basic purpose of producing maximum long-range corporate profits. (business.highbeam.com) The characteristics of market orientation are inter-functional coordination,customer orientation, understanding customers and organisational culture. . . The benefits and cost of marketing orientation Benefits of marketing orientation Growth in profitability Improved corporate image High customer satisfaction, loyalty and retention Increase sales and market share Enhanced competitive advantage Cost of marketing orientation Technology requirement for customer contact and improved ways of doing business Complex customer growing needs and power Increasing customer expectations Staff training and development needs Increase resource demand to providing customer specific marketing ukessays.co/essays/marketing/marketing-report-of-tesco.phpg 6 . Micro and Macro environmental factors that affect marketing 6.1 Micro Environmental factors These are factors within the control of the organisation and their implied actions can affect the organisation. There are six main factors that can be classified as micro environmental factors Marketing channel: This includes the distribution channel, the outlets, sales representatives and market research companies. The consumer, producer,reseller, government, and international markets. Organisations internal environment these includes management, Employees and Directors and franchisee. The competitors Publics: These are group of people or body that have interest in the organisation that have an actual or potential interest in or impact on the organizations ability to achieve its objectives:financial, media, government, citizen action, and local, general, Financial intermediaries: This includes the external auditors, the banks and credit rating agencies. Whatever actions taking by the people will be as a result of the organisation activities and practice. Hence the conclusion that the organisation invariably has control over them.. Macro Environmental Factors This are external factors outside the control of the organisation and ability to envisage them allows the company to be prepared and adopt strategies to overcome them. Demographic Environment This is to do with the population of a particular location and the following understated factors are are likely to affect its outcome which invariably will affect the planing of of the organisation Population Growth Where there is a population explosion or high population the organisation is likely to do well and increase profitability through increased sales. Also migration will have an equal effect Population Mix The population mix will have effect on the types of goods that will be demanded for example in China there will be more pensioners and old age in the next few years and the working population may not be able to sustain the pensioners. Furthermore the demand for adult drapers in such market will increase whilst that of children will greatly reduce. Household pattern The household consumption pattern will also change where there are no babies in the house the parents will not buy baby food or medication. Geographical Shift The emigration or immigration will affect the population of a location and management needs to take this into account when deciding and planing the marketing strategy for example there is migration to the UK and emigration fn Republic of Ireland and this will affect consumption pattern . Economic Environment The economy of a country or the economic prospect will affect the consumption pattern in that country for example the Euro zone are going through and economic depression. Each family are concerned about how they spend their dis[posable income. The same applies in UK and it reflects on peoples shopping habit less people go to shop in Waitrose and more people are turning to Aldi. Social cultural Environment This will equally affect the decision of management for example it will impossible to sell non halal food in a predominantly Islamic country and also with we not make economic decision not to sell alcohol in the Republic of Ireland. Natural Environment Where there resources like raw materials and reduced labour cost it will make economic sense to locate there also where is natural disaster the firm can plan suitable good s for that region. Technology Environment The advent of I pads, smart phones. online shopping has changed shopping habits and also advertising patterns significantly the next generation of technology is on its way. Corporations to be conversant with changing technology so as plan ahead. Political and Legal Environment Governments continue to change all over the world, different governments come up with different policies and laws. Some may be to the advantage of the company some may be threat and some may be opportunities. In conclusion The micro and macro factors are used for SWOT analysis in analysis in an organisation. Buying Behaviour Stages of the Consumer Buying Process Problem or need recognition Information search Evaluation options Purchase Decision Post Purchase Positioning of fresh Fruits and Vegetables at Aldi .Product positioning is the ability of a firm to come with unique product and customer perception of brilliance and likable product. Product s positioning are based class attitudes, benefits,quality and are target at a particular people known as the market segment..( Berry T.and Wilson D , 2000) The target market for fresh fruits and vegetables in Aldi should be children to reduce obesity in the country, to increase healthy awareness and promote healthy eating. Conclusion Marketers go out of their way to find and develop a Niche market and product and tto look for ways on enticing consumers and be a profitable organisation to this end they carry out market research. analyse the market and come up a with valuable product that will be demanded. The also create awareness through different campaign strategy, they spend considerable amount of money to ensure the product is attractive,the packing is attractive and they promote the usefulness of the product Recommendation .Product positioning involves creating a unique, consistent, and recognized customer perception about a firms offering and image. A product or service may be positioned on the basis of an attitude or benefit, use or application, user, class, price, or level of quality. It targets a product for specific market segments and product needs at specific prices. Referencing http://www.aldi.com.au/au/html/company/3777.htm http://www.zainbooks.com/books/marketing/principles-of-marketing_10_marketing-process.html http://business.highbeam.com/138375/article-1G1-8366780/market-orientation-construct-research-propositions http://www.ukessays.co/essays/marketing/marketing-report-of-tesco.php#ixzz2NAfKDrTg ON TARGET: THE BOOK ONMARKETING PLANS How to develop and implement a successful marketing plan. By:Tim Berry and Doug Wilson Palo Alto Software, Inc., First Edition, October, 2000

Phosphonium Vermiculites Dispertion: Polymethylmethacrylate

Phosphonium Vermiculites Dispertion: Polymethylmethacrylate Ultraphonic in situ polymerization improves the dispersion of phosphonium vermiculites in polymethylmethacrylate with excellent mechanical property Bin Zhang1, Dingfeng Xu1, Shaozao Tan1,*, Langhuan Huang1, Xiang Cai2, Ting Wu2,*Abstract In order to improve the dispersion of phosphonium vermiculites (OVMT) in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), the ultraphonic in situ polymerization method was introduced, and a series of OVMT-PMMA (PBTP) nanocomposites were successfully prepared. The results indicated that the assistance of ultraphonic could increase the interfacial interactions between OVMT and PMMA, thus the particles of OVMT dispersed better in the PMMA matrix with a highly exfoliated structure. In addition, the obtained PBTP nanocomposites showed better mechanical properties than those prepared without ultraphonic, suggesting the great potential of ultraphonic in situ polymerization in the synthesis of polymer/clay nanocomposites. Keywords: phosphonium vermiculite; polymethylmethacrylate; ultraphonic; in situ polymerization; dispersion 1. Introduction In the past decades, polymer/clay nanocomposites have attracted much attention of chemists [1-3], because the additions of these layered silicates exhibited significant improvements in mechanical and thermal properties of polymers with very low amount of loading [4,5]. Until now, three main methods have been considered for the synthesis of polymer/clay composites: melt blending, solvent exfoliation and in situ polymerization [6]. Compared with other methods,in situ polymerization is more efà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cient and environmentally friendly [7]. Nevertheless, the dispersed efficiency of clay in polymer matrix is unsatisfactory, leading to limited improvements in the properties of polymers. Thus, it is necessary to modify the surfaces of pristine clays and introduce other synthesis methods, which can overcome the shortcomings [8]. In this paper, we reported a highly effective synthesis method of phosphonium vermiculites/polymethylmethacrylate (PBTP) nanocomposites by ultraphonic in situ po lymerization. Then, the excellent dispersion of the phosphonium vermiculites (OVMT) in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was displayed, and the resulting effects on the properties of PBPT nanocomposites were also demonstrated. 2. Experimental sections 2.1 Materials Benzyltriphenylphosphonium (BTP) of C.R. grade was supplied by Qingte Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Vermiculite (VMT) with cation-exchanger capacity of 135 mmol/100 g was purchased from Hebei Lingshou Micro-mineral Co. Ltc. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and 2,2-azobis isobutyronitrile (AIBN) were supplied from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. 2.2 Preparation of OVMT 60 g VMT was dispersed in 300 ml deionized water, to which 120 mmol BTP was slowly added. Then the mixture was stirred vigorously at 80  ºC for 10 h. The resulting product was washed with deionized water for three times. After dried at 80  ºC under vacuum and gathered with 300 mesh sieve, the OVMT were obtained. 2.3 Synthesis of PBTP nanocomposites 1 wt.%, 3 wt.% and 5 wt.% OVMT were respectively dispersed in methyl methacrylate with 0.2 wt.% of AIBN. After stirred at 25  °C for 0.5 h, the suspension was polymerized in a water bath at 80  °C for 2 h with the help of ultraphonic. Then, the suspension was followed with post polymerization at 35  °C for 20 h and at 105  °C for at least 2 h orderly to get PBTP nanocomposites. The resulting PBTP nanocomposites were designated as PBTP-S1, PBTP-S2 and PBTP-S3, respectively. For comparison, the PBTP nanocomposites prepared without ultraphonic were designated as PBTP-1, PBTP-2 and PBTP-3, respectively. 2.4. Characterizations Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) were measured with the Perkin-Elmer-Spectrum GX-Spectrophotometer. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded on a Rigaku D/Max 1200 X-ray Diffractometer (40 kV, 40 mA, Cu KÃŽ ±,) with a scan speed of 2 º /min. The microstructures were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM, Philips Tecnai 10, Nederland). Mechanical properties were conducted following ASTM D638M-91a with a Universal Testing Machine (LLOYD LR100K). 3. Results and discussion In the FTIR spectrum of VMT (Figure 1a), the broad band near 3620 cm-1 was due to -OH stretching mode of interlayer water, while the absorption peak in the region of 1662 cm-1 was attributed to -OH bending mode of adsorbed water. The bands at 1030 and 460 cm-1 were attributed to stretching vibration and bending vibration of Si-O, respectively. In the FTIR spectrsum of OVMT (Figure 1b), compared with that of VMT (Figure 1a), two new peaks at 2925 and 2854 cm-1 appeared, which were ascribed to the asymmetric and symmetric vibration of methylene groups (CH2)n in the aliphatic chain [9]. Therefore, the existence of BTP in OVMT was proved, and the OVMT was successfully prepared. Figure 1. FTIR spectra of (a) VMT and (b) OVMT. In Figure 2a and 2b, the (001) planes of VMT and OVMT were observed at 2ÃŽ ¸ = 7.44 º and 2ÃŽ ¸ = 5.87 º, corresponding to the d-spacings of 1.19 nm and 1.50 nm, respectively, which indicated that the galleries of the silicate layers in VMT had been expanded for about 0.31 nm by the intercalation of BTP. Thus, successful preparation of OVMT was proved again [10]. XRD patterns of PBTPs were shown in Figure 2c-h. It was found that the diffraction peak intensities of PBTPs prepared with ultraphonic in situ polymerization were less than those of PBTPs prepared without ultraphonic in situ polymerization, indicating lower degree of crystallinity. To our surprise, the PBTP-S1 even did not exhibit any diffraction peak, indicating the extensive layer separation associated with the altitudinal delamination of OVMT silicate layers in the PMMA matrix, which resulted in the total exfoliation of the clays [3,5]. So, these results showed the PBTPs prepared with ultraphonic in situ polymerizatio n had better dispersion of OVMT in PMMA than those prepared without ultraphonic in situ polymerization. In addition, the 2ÃŽ ¸ value increased in the PBTPs matrix with the increase of OVMT content, indicating the increase of OVMT content would lead to a bad compatibility of OVMT with the PMMA matrix. Figure 2. X-Ray diffraction patterns of (a) VMT, (b) OVMT, (c) PBTP-S1, (d) PBTP-1, (e) PBTP-S2, (f) PBTP-2, (g) PBTP-S3 and (h) PBTP-3. To further understand the layer structures of OVMT in the nanocomposites, TEM was performed. In Figure 3, the PBTPs prepared with ultraphonic in situ polymerization were homogeneously and randomly dispersed in the PMMA matrix, and it was observed from time to time that some small intercalated stacks with a thickness of a few tenths of nanometers were remained, which was ascribed to the largely expanded d-spacing of OVMT caused by the chains of the exchanged ions and the presences of the methacrylic groups, improving the compatibility between OVMT and PMMA matrix [1,2]. However, the PBTPs prepared without ultraphonic in situ polymerization appeared to be more aggregated in the PMMA matrix. These results also demonstrated PBTPs prepared with ultraphonic in situ polymerization had better dispersion of OVMT in PMMA than those prepared without ultraphonic in situ polymerization. Figure 3. TEM images of (a) PBTP-S1, (b) PBTP-S2, (c) PBTP-S3, (d) PBTP-1, (e) PBTP-2 and (f) PBTP-3. Table 1. Mechanical properties of PMMA and PBTPs. Then, the mechanical properties of samples were tested (Table 1). Compared with those of the pure PMMA, the modulus and the elongation of the PBTPs were increased with the increasing of the clays, whatever they were prepared with or without ultraphonic in situ polymerization. The tensile strengths of PBTPs prepared with ultraphonic in situ polymerization showed obvious improvement, and when the additions of OVMT were 1 wt% and 3 wt%, they increased about 10.7 % and 16.1 %, respectively. The enhancements were mainly attributed to the homogeneous dispersion and strong interfacial interactions of OVMT in the polymer matrix, and high exfoliation of the silicate layers in the PMMA matrix, which provided high resistance against the plastic deformation. However, the tensile strengths were decreased with the increasing of the clays when PBTPs were prepared without ultraphonic in situ polymerization, which indicated clays gathered and had poor dispersion in polymer matrix. 4. Conclusion In summary, the OVMT was prepared and characterized by the FTIR spectra and XRD patterns, and the results showed that the BTP were intercalated into VMT, and the OVMT was successfully prepared. The XRD patterns and TEM images indicated that the PBTPs prepared with ultraphonic in situ polymerization had an extensive layer separation associated with the altitudinal delamination of OVMT silicate layers in the PMMA matrix, resulting in the high level of exfoliation of the clays. So, the PBTPs prepared with ultraphonic in situ polymerization had better dispersion of OVMT in PMMA than those prepared without ultraphonic in situ polymerization, leading to better mechanical properties. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51172099, 51203134, 21476052 and 21271087), the Foundation of Enterprise-University- Research Institute Cooperation from Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (2013B090600148), and The Science and Technology Innovation Platform Project of Foshan City (2014AG100171). References [1] Liqiang, C. Naresh, H. T. and Seong, I. W., â€Å"Effects of Modified Clay on the Morphology and Properties of PMMA/Clay Nanocomposites Synthesized byin SituPolymerization†, Macromolecules, 41/12 (2008), 4268-4274. [2] Yoon, K. K. Yeong, S. C. Ki, H. W. and In, J. C., â€Å"Synthesis of Exfoliated PS/Na−MMT Nanocomposites via Emulsion Polymerization†, Chem. Mater, 14/12 (2002), 4990-4995. [3] Hazarika, A. Devi, R. R. and Maji, T. K., â€Å"Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid-co-itaconic acid) hydrogels†, Polym. Bull, 68/7 (2012), 1889-1903. [4] Xaoan, F. and Syed, Q., â€Å"Synthesis of polystyrene–clay nanocomposites†, Mater. Letters, 42/1 (2000), 12-15. [5] Wang, W. S. Liang, C. K. Chen, Y. C. Su, Y. L and Chen, Y. Y. W., â€Å"Transparent and flame retardant PMMA/clay nanocomposites prepared with dual modified organoclay†, Polym. Adv. Technol, 23/3 (2012), 625-631. [6] Tong, Z. H. and Deng, Y. L., â€Å"Synthesis of Water-Based Polystyrene-Nanoclay Composite Suspension via Miniemulsion PolymerizationInd†, Eng. Chem. Res, 45/8 (2006), 2641-2645. [7] Zhao, Q. and Edward, T. S., â€Å"In Situ Polymerization of Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Clay Nano -composites in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide†, Macromolecules, 38/19 (2005), 7967-7971. [8] Yoshito, A. Jeong, J. M. and Takeshi, E., â€Å"Design of Nanocomposites by Vapor-Phase Assisted Surface Polymerization†, Macromolecules, 42/3 (2009), 768-772. [9] Cai, X. Tan, S. Z. Lin, M. S. and Liu, Y. L., â€Å"ynergistic antibacterial brilliant blue/reduced graphene oxide/quaternary phosphonium salt composite with excellent water-solubility and specific-targeting capability†, Langmuir, 27/12 (2011), 7828-7835. [10] Zeng, X. S. Cai, D. M. Lin, Z. D. Tan, S. Z. and Xu, Y. B., â€Å"Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Phosphonium Vermiculite Filled Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Composites†, J. Appl. Polym. Sci, 126/2 (2012), 601-607. 1/9

Individual vs. Society in Daisy Miller and Old Woman Magoun :: comparison compare contrast essays

Individual vs. Society in Daisy Miller and Old Woman Henry James’ "Daisy Miller, A Study" and Mary Wilkins Freeman’s "Old Woman Magoun" contain morally ambiguous conflicts between individuals and society. Both of these short stories are tales in which strong, individual women directly conflict with their respective destructive male societies, attempting to uphold innocence while flouting societal rules and expectations. Freeman and James both construct strong female individuals in different guises. Freeman’s Old Woman Magoun is old, wise, and practiced in the art cooking and child-rearing, embracing a traditional feminine role and drawing power from it. She practises this art because it is her right, and, passive-aggressively, she uses her cooking lore to kill Lily, removing innocence from the world. Quite on the other side of the spectrum we have James’ Daisy: young, innocent, practised only in the art of flirting, yet drawing her powerful independence from the practise of this non-traditional feminine art. She is allowed to practise her art, but only for a while. Daisy dies of an attack of Roman Fever contracted at the Colosseum; more symbolically, her innocence is lost from society when her character is crucified on a cross of social propriety. Men and men’s desires represent societal aims in both stories. Freeman’s men are Nelson Barry and Jim Willis, both are members of old, highly placed, "degenerate" (179) American families. Their goal is to steal Lily from Old Woman Magoun and force her into a traditional societal role to satisfy their own ends, no matter that this will destroy Lily’s innocence. Barry desires "to have that girl" (184) for financial comfort; Willis desires her for more traditional domestic comfort. James embodies society in Mr. Winterbourne, a socially accepted young American who has "lived too long in foreign parts" (492). Winterbourne desires for Daisy to enter into and conform with society to satisfy his own ends, as well. He desires mental and emotional comfort: to judge her "eccentricities" (486) innocent, and that she "would flirt with me, and me only" (482). Each individual’s conflict with society is resolved in different ways and in difficult lights. Magoun directly flouts society’s rules by committing infanticide, effectively removing purity from the destructive intents of male society. Yet her actions pose a question of morality to Freeman’s audience. Was Lily’s death justified? Meanwhile, the men are left comfortless and alone. Magoun, however, is also comfortless and alone, depriving herself of Lily’s innocence to save it.

Gun Control: Opposing the Removal of Guns from American Citizens Essay

Because of many incidents involving handguns, and any other type of gun, the government has been trying to push a gun ban law. As a result of this rumor and possible law, there have been numerous outbursts of support and resistance. Some people believe that banning firearms would be a benefit to our nation’s safety and its population’s safety, while others oppose this proposal and say that guns are not the ones that need to be controlled, people should be the ones that are controlled. During this decision, people from different organizations have expressed their own views and thoughts. Gun control has both positive and negative effects on U.S. citizens. Some organizations report that the removal of firearms will reduce crime rates, deaths, and injuries from guns(Handgun Control Debate). An organization known as â€Å"The Brady Center† says that the Second Amendment does not state that people can carry and own handguns and be protected by its laws(Handgun Control Debate). The Brady Center also argues that if a larger amount of guns are available to a child’s reach, there will be more injuries and fatalities among minorities, so they are also trying to present laws and proposals that will protect children from handgun injuries(Handgun Control Debate). Claire Safran states that in Seattle, Washington, guns are plentiful and that there could be more deaths and injuries in that city than others because of the amount of illegal handguns in the city that owned by gangs and criminal organizations(Roleff, 17). Carl T. Bogus, a visiting professor at Rutgers University School of Law Enforcement in Camden, New Jersey says that private ownership of guns is hazardous to American citizen’s safety, and suggests that all handguns should be o... ...As we know it, this law on either protecting gun rights or taking them and the guns away will surely change the United States future. Works Cited Cold Comfort: A Interview With John R. Lott. Lynch, Michael W., and Jacob Sullum. Reason. 3 Dec. 2009. . Elder, Larry. â€Å"More Gun Control, Please!† Capitalism Magazine. 24 Oct. 2002. 1 Dec. 2009. â€Å"Gun Control.† Encyclopedia4U. 2005. 1 Dec. 2009. Handgun Control Debate. Awesome Library. 1 Dec. 2009. Roleff, Tamara L., ed. Gun Control: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1997.

Cat in the Hat

Cat in the hat essay The Cat in the Hat movie is about Conrad, a twelve-year-old boy, who has two problems: he is constantly doing the exact opposite of what he is supposed to do and causing trouble, and Sally, Conrad's eight-year-old little sister, tries to stop his trouble making and is being rather bossy and perfect. This also relates to Freud’s Theory of the Mind, which states that our mind has 3 different aspects which influence the way we think, act and feel. They are: ego, superego and id. Conrad displays all three aspects throughout the movie that interfere with his mind. The first aspect which Conrad displays in the movie is id. In the beginning of the movie Conrad does what he wants and doesn’t listen to his mom to keep the house clean. When the mother comes home from work she says: â€Å"I asked you to do one thing today, Conrad, keep the house clean. Do you know how frustrating it is that you're always doing the exact opposite of what I say? † Conrad is found sliding down the stairs and wrecking the house which is the opposite of what his mother told him to do. Another example of how Conrad displays id throughout the movie is when the cat arrives and checks their brain the â€Å"phunometer,† Conrad is shown as a rule breaker. â€Å"Just as I suspected, you guys are both out of whack. You're a control freak, and you're a rule-breaker† this shows that Conrad breaks all the rules that are set for him. The third example of Conrad displaying id throughout the movie is when they sign the contract not thinking about what their mother said. Conrad says: â€Å"What about it? We signed the contract† This shows Conrad is not thinking about the consequences of the outcome and is basing his decision of his selfish desires. A fourth example of Conrad displaying id is when the cat tells him not to open the crate. I'm not usually a rules guy, but this is a biggie. â€Å"No opening the crate. † This shows that even thought the cat told Conrad not to open the crate; Conrad went ahead and did it anyway without thinking about what will happen. Therefore, Conrad displays several examples of id, which is what the mind wants without thinking about the consequences later and taking into consideration for reality. The second aspect of the mind Conrad displays throughout the movie is ego. In the middle of the movie after the house is ruined because of thing 1 and thing 2, Conrad decides to help get their dog back because it has the crate lock on it and without out, the whole house will be ruined. Conrad says: â€Å"We've gotta go out and find Nevins. † This shows that Conrad is making rational decisions to meet the needs of the id. A second example of Conrad displaying ego is when Conrad, Sally and the Cat set out to get their dog back and Conrad is driving, he says, â€Å"Wait! Two people can't drive at the same time. This shows Conrad is making the decision not to drive even though he wanted to he knew he is only 12 years old and is too young to drive and that two people cannot drive at the same time. A third example of Conrad displaying ego is when the mothers’ boyfriend goes to her office and tells her everything that has been happening while she was at work. Conrad says â€Å"we’re dead. This is all my fault. I'm such an idiot. Why do I alw ays have to do the opposite of what I'm supposed to? † this shows that Conrad is taking into consideration his actions and is recognizing that he does the opposite of what he is told. Therefore, Conrad displays ego continuously throughout the movie, he makes decisions but yet still attempts to meet the needs of the id while also taking into consideration the reality of the situation. The third and last aspect of the mind Conrad displays at the end of the movie is superego. An example of this would be when the cat tells Conrad and Sally that he planned the whole day. Both kids get upset and Conrad says Cat, â€Å"you need to get out. I don't know that game. † It's not a game. None of this is a game! † this is showing that Conrad is listening to his conscience and telling him that enough is enough. A second example of Conrad showing superego is when Conrad takes the blame for his actions at the end of the movie by saying â€Å"No. This was my fault. I'll take the blame. † This shows Conrad making an internal judgement by finally listening to his conscience and coming clean for his actions. A third and final example of Conrad displaying superego is when Sally and Conrad learn from their mistakes the cat comes back and says, â€Å"if Sally and Conrad should learn from their mistakes, the contract shall be reinstated. † This shows that Conrad listened to his conscience by doing what was right and helped clean p the house in time for his mothers’ party. Therefore, Conrad displayed superego at the end of the movie by trusting his conscience and his internal judgment and doing what was right for a change and changed from a â€Å"rule breaker† to â€Å"just right. † Finally, Conrad displayed id by not listening to his mother and doing the exact oppos ite of what he was told, he displayed ego by making decisions to fix things and superego by listening to his conscience and doing what was right. Conrad displayed all three aspects of Freud’s theory of the mind throughout the movie that lead him to becoming the hero in the end.

15 Uses of the Tooth Paste that you Never Know

Beauty Uses Toothpaste contains many expedient ingredients that can be soothing and improve to the skin. For this reason, youll be able to ingestion toothpaste to befriend you with the following issues 1) Pimples. Reduce redness and the size of your pimples with a dab of toothpaste. Let it vex overnight, then rinse forward in the morning for a noticeable difference. 2) unannealed fingernails. Since our nails are made of the homogeneous tooth enamel as teeth, toothpaste can do a lot to help them.Simply give your nails a puff up-grounded sc scrub with many(a) oothpaste for cleaner, shinier, stronger nails. Youll overly digest that dirt step to the fore from underneath them in no time 3) Fly-away hair. A gel toothpaste is largely made with the same ingredients as basic hair gels, so youll be able to substitute soft here. nevertheless use a short(p) dab and apply like a hair gel when needed. First support Uses Beyond beauty care, youll also abide by helpful ways to us e toothpaste in that first aid kit. Keep a sm totally tube tucked indoors your kit for these emergencies 4) Bites, sores, and blisters.Apply toothpaste to areas of skin irritation to stamp mickle tching, swelling, and irritation. Toothpaste will dry them up loyal and help them heal faster. 5) Burns. For minor burn down with no open sores, a fast(a) toothpaste application can give you fast relief. The cooling properties get to work mighty away, relieving that painful sting. In the long-term, toothpaste will notice the burn from becoming a painful, agnizep blister. 6) Bruises. For large bruises that take forever to fade, use a little toothpaste and a wide-tooth comb.Apply the toothpaste and lightly comb the bruise in angiotensin-converting enzyme direction o break up the blood clotting beneath the skin. Toothpaste helps with circulation and fghts strike the inflammation. Fashion Uses the average tube of toothpaste. cave in these a try 7) Jewelry cleaner. in front you pay for someone else to clean it, rub toothpaste onto your silver Jewelry and leave it overnight, the scour it clean with a soft cloth. break dance a light scrubbing to your diamonds to see them sparkle over again, Just be certainly to rinse thoroughly. Avoid using toothpaste on pearls. Show care.Scuffed or dirty raiment can look new again with a little toothpaste. Apply it irectly to the dull, dirty, or scuffed parts of the shoe, scrub with a brush, and overfly them clean. Ta-da 9) Clothing steels. Tough stains will thaw with a little toothpaste and some live scrubbing. Squeeze it right on the stain and rub until it disappears, then wash as normal. If using whitening toothpaste, be aware that this can have a bleaching resolution on some colors and fabrics. plate uses Toothpaste can save you money more or less the house by helping with some very basic tasks 10) Computer cleaner.Scrub away fingerprints from your keyboard with a white, aking soda-based toothpaste. Follow up with a give out cloth and your keys are good as new 1 1) put right cleaner. Take away the crusties from the bottom of your garb iron with a fast toothpaste rinse. Just be sure to remove all the toothpaste before you start ironing again. 12) go bad nursing bottles. To freshen up baby bottles and remove that sour-milk smell, put some toothpaste on your bottle scrubber and give them a quick wash. Always rinse them very well afterwards. 13) Piano keys.Like computer keys, piano keys get grubby with repeated use from the irt, oil, and smirch on our fingertips. Use a damp cloth and some toothpaste to rub down the keys, then wipe them clean with a dry cloth. 14) Crayon stains. Undo your kids handicap to the walls with a damp cloth and some toothpaste. Rub it in gentle circles and assimilate the crayon fade away. 1 5) scent removal. After cooking with stinky foods in the kitchen (fish, garlic, onions, etc. ), getting the smell out of the skin is a challenge. Wash your manpowe r thoroughly with water and toothpaste for a quick and easy remedy.

Lecture Summary

The lecture is or so traffic over-crowdings, which is champion of the major hassles in the UKs conveyance of title system. The lecture consists of 2 main points which are, depressionly, the effects of the congestions and secondly, how the British presidential term have tried to address the paradox by creating the corporate Transport Policy. The first point made by the lecturer is that overcrowded roads have its effects. First of all, they guess directly in the countrys economy, as all the lost magazine have its repercussion decreasing the productivity.Similarly, the contamination affects the local and global environment. In profit to this, has a detrimental effect on public health. In order to reckon this problem, the lecturer states that the British government created the Integrated Transport Policy. They carried out a denotation and find out that the improvement of the transit system was not very undefeated and people prefer to use their hold car. Finally, the lect urer moves to explain some winning measures that the government approved with the purpose of trim congestions.One of the measures was to enable some fast lines in the motorways for cars with more than one occupant. The other one was to charge car user to bind access to the city centre from London. both of the measures were successful and the money that they get from the congestion charging was invested in improving the public transport system. To summarise, the lecturer affirms that the best solution to the problem of overcrowded roads is to implement some subtle measures to each specific problem, instead of stressful to one big solution which stool solve all the problems.

Week Three Learning Team Reflection

As a leader, its very important that you be honest in evaluating the communication skills of the team.Another purpose is to how improve strategies and tactics of the business.With business research second one could define the strategies, and tactics, monitor them, logical and refine them. Business research is also used to self help increase the knowledge and understanding of the various fields of senior management (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). Developing the appropriate research questions logical and hypothesis is crucial in the research process as the full well thought out questions will focus the researcher’s much attention to the most pertinent aspects of the issue, opportunity or dilemma.Theres no team.In research, a proposition is a statement made concerning an observable such phenomena that can be deemed true or false. This proposition is the foundation of what will be formulated as the hypotheses of our research.The hypotheses are of a tentative and conjectural very n ature (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). In the hypotheses we assign independent variables to a given case.

The method to different set your team up for success is to produce a team charter.Researchers use variables when genetic testing hypotheses.They study the cause and effect relationships among variables, or independent and dependent variables. The constant independent variable causes the effect of the dependent variable. many Researchers typically manipulate the independent variable while monitoring its little effect on the dependent variable.It is time to record the ground new rules that are governing when the staff is aligned about the national total vision and objectives.? Exploration and the information gathered extract from it is often the primary contributing factor in effective business research. This week the learning team discussed objectives related to the purpose of business research. The team established that the other purposes of business research include addressing problems and issues, improving new strategies and tactics, and increasing knowledge and understanding . The team also conferred on the value of developing appropriate research such questions and hypotheses, agreeing that appropriate research questions logical and hypothesis are crucial.

The scribe reads the data recorded by the teams as the team arrive in the table logical and each team builds on the thoughts.It is crucial to understand that were Putting I in Team.Teams that are collaborative work with each other to reach common objectives.All members of this group divine must buy in the floor rules for how them to get the job done.

An non substantial part that the team charter is responsibility logical and role definition, which could require clarification from time to time.Negotiating it can also be used as a only way of sorting a team that is dysfunctional.Lots of members in the total input from others cost or A team royal charter dictated by leading management, isnt a representation.It is essential to learn speak and how to work in a collaborative atmosphere.