What is the 1925 Butler Act of Tennessee

The Butler Act was a Tennessee law that made it illegal for public schools to teach evolution. Enacted on March 13, 1925, it remained in force for 40 years. The act also led to one of the most famous trials of the 20th century, pitting advocates of  creationism  against those who believed in evolution. No Evolution Here The Butler Act was introduced on January 21, 1925, by  John Washington Butler, a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives. It passed nearly unanimously in the House, by a vote of 71 to 6. The Tennessee Senate approved it by nearly as overwhelming a margin, 24 to 6. The act itself, was very specific in its prohibition against any public schools in the state teaching evolution, stating: It shall be unlawful for any teacher in any of the Universities, Normals and all other public schools of the State which are supported in whole or in part by the public school funds of the State, to teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals.​ The act, signed into law by Tennessee Gov. Austin Peay on March 21, 1925, also made it a misdemeanor for any educator to teach evolution. A teacher found guilty of doing so would be fined between $100 and $500. Peay, who died just two years later, said he signed the law to combat the decline of religion in schools, but he did not believe it would ever be enforced. He was wrong. The Scopes Trial That summer, the ACLU sued the state on behalf of  science teacher John T. Scopes, who had been arrested and charged with violating the Butler Act.  Known in its day as The Trial of the Century, and later as the Monkey Trial, the Scopes trial—heard in the Criminal Court of Tennessee—pitted two famous lawyers against one another: three-time presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan for the prosecution and renowned trial attorney Clarence Darrow for the defense. The surprisingly brief trial began on July 10, 1925, and ended just 11 days later on July 21, when Scopes was found guilty and fined $100. As the first trial broadcast live on the radio in the U.S., it focused attention on the debate over  creationism  versus  evolution.   The End of the Act The Scopes trial—sparked by the Butler Act—crystallized the debate and drew battle lines between those who favored evolution and those who believed in creationism. Just five days after the end of the trial, Bryan died—some said from a broken heart caused by his losing the case. The verdict was appealed to the Tennessee Supreme Court, which upheld the act a year later. The Butler Act remained the law in Tennessee until  1967, when it was repealed. Anti-evolution statutes were ruled unconstitutional in 1968 by the Supreme Court in  Epperson v Arkansas. The Butler Act may be defunct, but the debate between creationist and evolutionary proponents continues unabated to this day.

Before The Enlightenment A Traditional Social Structure...

Christine Dito Mr. Martin World History-Block 1 18 November 2014 Title Before the Enlightenment, every law and every decision was made and accepted, only by the King. There was a traditional social structure consisting of the monarchy on the top, followed by the nobles and clergy, and then all of the lower class on the bottom, which included peasants, merchants, and craftsman. When the people of the Western a Society began to receive ideas from Enlightenment scholars and thinkers, the began to realize how wrong the ways of the King were. They began to revolt against and disagree with these ways of the King. These people, motivated by the ideas of the Enlightenment, challenged the traditional social and political structures of the Western society to eventually lead to human rights for everyone. Prior to the Enlightenment, the rules, laws, and social structures were set in stone, relying on the Kings and Queens to make all decisions and declare rights for them, even if they were completely unfair. People of this time argued that, Royal power is sacred, a nd nothing is more firmly grounded in the Word of God than the obedience due, as a matter of faith and conscience, to lawful authority...the prince [is] one to whom obedience [is] due without exception.(Bossuet Doc. 4). They believed that God wishes for the King to rule over the people, and only those people could rule, making all decisions about the civilization on their own, and no person should give anything butShow MoreRelatedTheory of Modernity Essay928 Words   |  4 Pages Theory of modernity is based on the notion of social progress, it implies that all of society, in whatever era they exist and in what region or were located, are involved in a single, all-consuming, the universal process of the ascent of human society from savagery to civilization. Culture of modernity is defining the development of European civilization for four centuries. It based on the idea of progress and human values, which are now, cherished every European: a democratic politicalRead MoreGreat Issues in Western Civilization Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pages Great Issues in Western Civilization A great issue can be defined in many ways; one way is how it effects people and how many people it effects. 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The Start of Best Mba Essay Samples

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Definition and Hero free essay sample

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